出租车优质客源时空特征及影响因素

针对城市出租车供需失衡、运营效率低等问题,提出一种综合考虑寻客空载与相邻载客状态的优质客源量化评价模型,利用数理统计、地理统计等时空分析方法探究其时空特征,并结合兴趣点(point of interest, POI)数据构建多时段地理加权回归模型分析其影响因素。以重庆市2019年“五一”假期4 d与后6 d工作日出租车轨迹数据展开研究。结果表明：节假日优质客源整体较多于工作日,呈节假日首日和工作日末日较多的“U”形分布;23:00—次日5:00优质客源先减少后增加再减少,5:00—9:00逐渐增加,此后呈波动趋势并于21:00—23:00达到峰值;优质客源在6:00—10:00聚集情况最差,其余时段主要围绕重庆市中心城区“1主、6副、21组团”的商业、娱乐及交通枢纽等区域聚集,并呈现粘连趋势;交通设施、医疗机构、休闲娱乐及宾馆酒店等是影响优质客源时空分布的主要因素;节假日相比于工作日,工作、服务较规律的设施其影响强度明显降低,而提供娱乐、交通出行的设施其影响强度及时间都有显著增加。研究结果对提高出租车精细化管理具有重要意义。

Study on the Spatial and Temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of High Quality Taxi Sources

In view of the imbalance between supply and demand and low operation efficiency of urban taxi, this paper proposes a quantitative evaluation model of high quality passenger source, and analyzes its influencing factors by using geographically weighted regression model. Taking the taxi track data of 4 days and 6 working days after the May Day holiday in Chongqing in 2019 as an example, this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving mechanism of high quality passenger source. The results show that: (1) the number of high quality passenger on holidays is more than that on weekdays, showing a U-shaped distribution; From 23 to 5 in the next morning, the high quality passenger source first decreased, then increased and then decreased, and gradually increased from 5 to 9, then fluctuated and reached the peak value from 21 to 23, (2) The high quality passenger gathered the worst from 6 to 10, and the rest of the time mainly concentrated around the business, entertainment and transportation hub of "1 main group, 6 Deputy groups, 21 groups" in the central urban area of Chongqing, and showed a trend of conglutination, (3) Transportation facilities, medical institutions, leisure and entertainment, hotels and hotels are the main factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of high quality passenger source, but the time and intensity of their influence are different; Compared with working days, the impact intensity of regular work and service facilities on holidays is significantly lower, while the impact intensity and time of facilities providing entertainment and transportation are significantly increased. The research results are of great significance to improve the fine management of taxi.