旋转作用下水平轴风力机气动性能分析

为研究水平轴风力机在大气边界层近地面非定常来流作用下气动耦合特性,建立基于剪切应力传输(SST)湍流模型的计算流体力学(CFD)模型和静力结构模型。为模拟风轮在近地面的气动状态,通过单向流固耦合方法对流场均匀入流风速和旋转效应作用下不同工况进行数值耦合计算,求解风力机流场中的速度场、压力场、结构响应状态以及输出功率,分析对比流场不同方向风力机周围速度变化、表面压力分布、结构应力应变规律、整体变形情况和功率变化。结果表明：在均匀来流和旋转共同作用下,流速和压力主要沿风轮径向变化,沿叶片展向至叶尖速度逐渐增大；整机结构附近有明显的气流扰动变化；停机工况和旋转工况(考虑旋转效应)塔影效应干扰下叶片变形在上下风区波动较大；入流风速大小对风力机输出功率有显著影响。

Analysis of aerodynamic performance of horizontal axis wind turbine under rotation

In order to study the aerodynamic coupling characteristics of horizontal axis wind turbine under the action of near-surface unsteady incoming flow in atmospheric boundary layer, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and static structure model based on shear stress transfer (SST) turbulence model were established. In order to simulate the aerodynamic state of wind turbines near the ground, the unidirectional fluid-structure coupling method was used to perform numerical coupling calculations under different working conditions of uniform inflow wind speed and rotation effect, and the velocity field, pressure field, structural response state and output power in the wind turbine flow field were solved. The velocity variation, surface pressure distribution, structural stress-strain law, overall deformation and power variation of wind turbines in different flow directions were analyzed and compared. The results show that under the combined action of uniform incoming flow and rotation, the velocity and pressure change mainly along the radial direction of the wind turbine, and the velocity increases gradually from blade to blade tip. There are obvious changes of airflow disturbance near the whole machine structure. Under the interference of tower shadow effect, blade deformation fluctuates greatly in the upwind and downwind regions under shutdown and rotation conditions (considering rotation effect). The inlet wind speed has significant influence on the output power of wind turbine.