基于ABAQUS有限元仿真的车辆碰撞护栏动力响应

当前基于车辆碰撞护栏的研究多以单一车型或单一碰撞位置为研究对象,侧重护栏结构或参数优化,较少探寻多车型多碰撞位置条件下护栏所受冲击而产生的动力响应规律。以国内常用的3mm厚波形梁护栏及三种车型(1.5t小型客车、10t中型客车、10t中型货车)为研究对象,基于ABAQUS有限元仿真软件,在三种车型及两个不同撞击点的情况下,分析护栏冲击加速度、护栏横向最大位移、护栏应力等变化动力响应指标。研究结果表明,不同车型撞击下护栏冲击加速度响应具有明显差异,10t车型撞击下护栏所受的最大冲击加速度显著高于1.5t小客车,可通过护栏加速度值判别碰撞事故车辆类型及危险程度；在10t车型不同位置撞击下,护栏的最大横向位移相差50%,最大位移均超过1m,最严重情况达1.35m,针对大型车辆通行率较高路段,护栏至路侧外边缘应留有1m-1.5m安全距离；不同车型碰撞下护栏受损跨数不同,1.5t车型碰撞下护栏应力最大值247Mpa,仅使护栏达到弹性变形阶段,护栏仍具有安全防护能力；10t车型碰撞下护栏应力最大值329Mpa,使碰撞点及前方护栏发生塑性形变,完全丧失防护能力,需及时对碰撞点前后跨数护栏进行完整更换,保证道路护栏处于完整防护能力水平。

Research on dynamic response of vehicle collision guardrail based on ABAQUS finite element simulation

At present, the research based on vehicle collision guardrails is mostly based on a single model or a single collision position as the research object. The structure or parameter optimization of the guardrail is focused, and the power response rules generated by the impact of the fences under the fences of multiple models and multiple collision positions are rarely found. With the domestic 3mm thick wave -shaped beam guardrails and three models (1.5T small passenger cars, 10T medium passenger cars, 10T medium -sized trucks) as the research object, based on ABAQUS finite element simulation software, in three models and two different impact points, two different impact points Below, analyze the power response indicators such as the impact acceleration of the fence, the horizontal displacement of the guardrail, and the stress of the fence. The research results show that there is a significant difference in the impact acceleration response under the impact of different models. The maximum impact acceleration of the guardrail under the impact of the 10T model is significantly higher than the 1.5T passenger car. Under the impact of 10T models, the maximum horizontal displacement of the guardrail is 50%, the maximum displacement exceeds 1m, and the most serious situation is 1.35m. For the high road section of the large vehicle traffic rate, 1m-1.5m should be left to the outer edge of the roadside side. M safety distance; the damaged span of the rails under the collision of different models, the maximum stress value of the fence of the 1.5T model under the collision of the 1.5T model is 247MPa, which only enables the fence to reach the elastic deformation stage. , Make the collision point and front fences plasticized, completely losing the protection capacity, and need to be completely replaced by the front and rear rails before and after the collision point to ensure that the road guardrail is at the level of complete protection capacity.