艺术意象·审美意象·科学意象——创造活动心理图像异同的理论与实证构想

意象是意义与图像的有机结合体,是创造性活动不可或缺的逻辑基点、加工方法、过程与结果。中国古典和西方近现代美学与文艺理论、现代科学技术和认知心理学等的研究成果都表明:意象是艺术创作、审美创造、科学创造,甚至生活创造活动中所共同拥有的心理图像,是统摄感性、理性认知活动及情感态度价值取向的精神活动。意和像的构成因素及组合方式不同,形成了意像的不同种类。艺术意象、审美意象与科学意象的基本过程相似,但具体过程的目标、走向与结果表达式很不相同。有关意象的理论值得更深入和系统探讨;同时应当补充实证研究,例如艺术家与科学家创造过程中图像资料的统计分析;各类人群的意象调查与测验;各类意象加工模式、特点与水平实验等。意象研究是艺术认知、审美认知与科学认知,艺术教育、审美教育与科学教育的重要交结点。

Art Images, Aesthetic Images and Scientific Images: The Theory and Experimentation of Differences and Similarities between Mental Images of Creative Activities

Images,related to both meaning and concrete figures,are indispensable for creative activities in terms of their starting point,ways of processing and results.Studies on art,aesthetic and psychological theories,even scientific technologies indicate that images are not only mental presentation that all kinds of creative activities have in common,but play an leading role in both cognitive and spiritual activities.Images can be classified in several ways,e.g.art images, aesthetic images and scientific images.These have similar processes,but different goals,different emphases and different presentations.Thus,theories about images should be studied further,and be supported by experimentation as well,including comparison between artists and scientists' images,surveys on different images of different people,and processing modes,characteristics and experiments of images.Studies on images can better improve not only understanding of and research on aesthetic and scientific cognition,but also aesthetic and scientific education.