铁路货车轴承温升特性研究

热轴故障是铁路货车运行中常见的故障类型，为降低列车热轴故障的发生率，有必要对铁路货车轴承温升特性进行研究。在铁路货车轴承拟静力学分析的基础上，采用局部法，建立铁路货车轴承摩擦功耗计算模型，基于传热学理论，对铁路货车轴承系统进行传热分析，建立铁路货车轴承温升仿真模型，研究轴承工况参数和结构参数对铁路货车轴承温升特性的影响规律，并设计温升试验进行验证。结果表明：仿真结果与试验结果的最大误差为13.8%,轴承系统温升最高点位于第二列内圈大挡边与滚子球基面接触位置，轴承温升随着载荷、转速和内圈大挡边倾角的增大而增大，随着环境温度的升高而增大，随着滚子球基面半径的增大而减小。研究成果对铁路货车轴承的设计、使用具有一定参考价值。

Temperature Rise Characteristics Study of Railway Wagon Bearings

Hot shaft fault is a common type of fault in railway wagon operation. In order to reduce the incidence of hot shaft fault, it is necessary to study the temperature rise characteristics of railway wagon bearings. Based on the quasi-statics analysis of railway wagon bearings, using the local method, the calculation model of friction power consumption of railway wagon bearings is established. Based on the theory of heat transfer, the heat transfer of railway wagon bearings system is analyzed, the simulation model of railway wagon bearings temperature rise is established. The influence of bearings operating parameters and structural parameters on the temperature rise characteristics of railway wagon bearings is studied, and the temperature rise test is designed to verify it. The results show that the maximum error between the simulation results and the test results is 13.8%, the highest point of temperature rise of the bearings system is located at the contact position between the large rib of the inner ring and the base surface of the roller ball in the second column. The bearings temperature rise increases with the increase of load, speed, inclination angle of the large rib of the inner ring and ambient temperature, and decreases with the increase of the radius of the base surface of the roller ball. The research results of this paper have certain reference value for the design and use of railway wagon bearings.