拮抗微生物防治仙客来灰霉菌Botrytis cinerea的评估

以仙客来叶圆片方法对灰霉菌Botrytis cinerea的生防效果进行了评估,结果发现Clonostachys rosea和Trichoderma koningii抑制B. cinerea的效果达94%~100％,其效果优于所测试的从仙客来上分离的真菌和细菌的多数菌株。用整株仙客来测试生防菌效果表明,C.rosea在叶片、花瓣、叶柄和花梗上抑制B.cinerea效果分别达96％、58％、53％、77％;而Trichoderma koningii的效果分别达100％、42％、100％、 90％。 以析因试验设计对B.cinerea和C.rosea或T.koningii施用浓度在生防效果上的交互效应进行了测定，结果表明：当C.rosea的接种浓度是病原菌浓度的10倍或10倍以上时,其在叶片、花瓣、叶柄和花梗上抑制B.cinerea的效果分别达73%~100％、52%~86％、100％、54%~68％；当T.koningii的接种浓度为106个／mL或以上时,其抑制B.cinerea在仙客来（接种浓度为103~106个/mL时）各部分发生的效果分别为:叶片100％、叶柄62%~100％、花瓣38%~96％、花梗 56%~100％。C.rosea在叶龄为2、3、5、6 周的叶片上的生防效果更好,而在叶龄为4 周的叶片上效果差些,在叶龄为1 周的叶片上无效果。T.koningii在叶龄为1~6 周的叶片上均可有效地抑制B.cinerea的发生,抑制效果达89%~100％。C.rosea和T.koningii均是在温室内防治仙客来灰霉菌B.cinerea的具潜力的有效生防菌，但T.koningii的防治效果显著地优于C.rosea的效果。

Evaluation of antagonistic microorganisms for biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea in cyclamen

In biocontrol essays on cyclamen leaf disks, Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma koningii suppressed Botrytis cinerea by 94%-100% , and were more effective than most fungi and bacteria isolated from cyclamen. Biocontrol effectiveness on whole plants showed that C. rosea suppressed B. cinerea in leaves, petals, petiole, and pedicels by 96%,58% ,53% ,and 77% ,respectively and T. koningii by 100% ,42%,100% and 90%,respectively. The effects of inoculum concentrations of B. cinerea interacting with C. rosea or T. koningii respectively on biocontrol were examined in factorial design experiments. C. rosea suppressed B. cinerea in lamina, petals, petiole, and pedicels by 73%-100% ,52%-86%,100% and 54%-68% ,respectively,when inoculum concentration of the antagonist was 10 times more than that of the pathogen. When inoculum concentration of T. koningii was at or over 106 conidia/mL, it suppressed B. cinerea at concentrations of 103-106 conidia/mL in lamina by 100%, in petioles by 62%-100% ,in petal by 38%-96% and in pedicels by 56%-100%. C. rosea was more effectively on 2,3,5 and 6 week-old leaves, but less effective on 4 week-old leaves and no effect on 1 week-old leaves. T. koningii suppressed B. cinerea on 1 to 6 week-old leaves very effectively ranging from 89% to 100%. We concluded that C. rosea and T. koningii were potentially effective biocontrol agents against B. cinerea in cyclamen in greenhouses,but the effectiveness of T. koningii was significantly better than that of C. rosea.