清代地方生员“入泮”述概

明清时代，读书士子顺利通过科举的最初级考试——童试，便可获得生员资格，拥有“秀才”这一科举的最低功名。“入泮”成为其人生的重要转折点，从此他们便异于普通百姓，或由出贡、入监肄业而得官，或继续参加更高级的乡试、会试，得中举人、进士而入仕。但是功名利禄最终只是属于幸运的极少数人，更多的士子则混迹在人海茫茫的科举大军中走完自己的人生。

An Analysis of Commons' Entrance to School by Imperial Attendance Examination in Dynasties Ming and Qing

In Dynasties Ming and Qing, only if a Confucian scholar successfully passed the first level of the imperial examinations named the county examination could he then be qualified as an official student and was usually called a Scholar （Xiucai）. Entering a school was considered as an important turning point in his hfe. From this moment on, he was no longer a common and a promising prospect for official career was expectable. He could either enter the Imperial Academy （Guo Zi Jian） with his excellent grades and become an official after finishing education, or continue to take part in the provincial and academy examinations. With the successful completion of the examinations, he could then be given a post in the quality of provincial graduate （Juren） or metropolitan graduate （Jinshi）. However, only a few could have the good fortune to finally enjoy high official positions. The majority spent their whole life just only to be an ordinary scholar under the imperial examination system.