太空探索中的人类医学保障

 近10年国外对太空探索中人身健康与安全的研究多集中在失重生理效应及其内在机制上，有关在微重力条件下人体发生的心血管功能障碍、肌肉萎缩、骨质流失、空间运动病等生理效应及其机制的研究取得了重大突破和进展。中国在这一领域的研究起步虽然较晚，但随着中国空间探索和载人航天事业的蓬勃发展，相关研究逐渐加速，在航天重力生理学、航天员医监医保、物理化学再生式环境控制医保和空间生命科学与生物技术等涉及空间人类安全与发展的相关课题上，中国取得了可喜的进展。特别是在针对失重性骨丢失开展的分子医学研究中，针对microRNA-214小核酸分子开发了治疗药物，成功减缓了模拟失重和增龄导致的成骨能力下降以及骨丢失速率，取得了突破性研究成果，为人类太空探索提供了重要医学保障。

Human medical support in space exploration

The oversea researches on human health and safety in space exploration have been focused on the physiological effects of weightlessness and their internal mechanisms for decades. A series of breakthroughs have been made in physiological effects and the mechanisms of diseases, including cardiovascular dysfunction, bone loss, muscle atrophy, space motion diseases, and microgravity enviroment. China's researches in this field started relatively late, however relevant researches have begn to accelerate gradually with the vigorous development of China's space exploration and manned spaceflight. Some gratifying progresses are made in some aspects such as space gravity physiology, astronaut medical supervision and medical insurance, physical and chemical regenerative environmental control and medical insurance, as well as space life science and biotechnology, which relate to space human safety and development. The special researches in molecular medicine are carried out for weightlessness bone loss. The therapeutic drugs are innovated for small nucleic acid molecules of microRNA-214, which successfully slow down the decline of osteogenic capacity and bone-loss rate caused by simulated weightlessness and aging. These breakthroughs provide important medical support for the human space exploration.