三峡库区特色农业演变及其效应研究——以仙女村为例

研究三峡库区特色农业发展及其效应,对该区域乡村振兴和生态环境保护具有重要意义.从村域角度出发,以三峡库区奉节县仙女村为例,结合遥感和GIS技术,对研究区进行实地调查获得当地农业种植、人口结构、生计变化和农户收入等数据,探讨仙女村乡村特色农业演变及其效应.结果表明:1)仙女村农作物种类从多样化的传统农作物向单一的特色农作物发展,脐橙逐渐成为当地的主导农作物,产量迅猛增长; 2)仙女村村民年收入随着特色农业的发展得到大幅度的提高; 3)农户生计类型发生改变,由纯务工向纯务农转变,农户外出的务工地点与仙女村之间的距离逐渐缩短; 4)脐橙林从散乱分布到集聚分布转变,在空间上不断向交通线路靠近,并且脐橙种植的品种类型也趋于多样化; 5)合理的土地利用方式及脐橙林种植面积的扩大,仙女村森林覆盖率明显增加,有效地治理了水土流失,增强了仙女村生物多样性,该村生态系统更加稳定,土地的生产力提高,仙女村生态和经济效益得到快速发展.

The Evolution and Effect of Characteristic Agriculture in Three Gorges Reservoir Area:a Case Study of Xiannv Village

It is of great significance to explore the rural revitalization,especially when it comes to trying to learn more about the development of characteristic agriculture and its effects. In views of villages,particularly taking a village as an example,connecting with remote sensing and GIS technology,Xiannv Village of Fengjie County in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is used to conduct field investigations on the study area. Data on local agricultural cultivation,population structure,livelihood changes,and income of farmers are used to explore the evolution and effects of rural agriculture in Xiannv Village. The results are as the following:( 1) The variety of crops in Xiannv Village are going from a variety of traditional crops to a single characteristic crop. The navel orange gradually becomes the local leading crop,and the output of navel orange increases rapidly.( 2) The annual income of the villagers in Xiannv Village has been greatly improved with the development of characteristic agriculture.( 3) The type of livelihood of the farmers has changed a lot,and the distance between their outdoor workplace and the Xiannv Village has gradually shortened.( 4) The navel orange forest changes from scattered distribution to agglomeration distribution,and it is continuously approaching the traffic line in space,and the varieties of planted navel orange are also diversified.( 5) Reasonable land use and the expansion of the planting area of navel orange forest have significantly increased the forest coverage of Xiannv Village,effectively controlling soil erosion,enhancing the biodiversity of Xiannv Village,making the village's ecosystem more stable and increasing land productivity. The ecological and economic benefits of Xiannv Village have been rapidly developed.