中国水环境微生物污染研究进展

 从水环境微生物的种类出发，梳理了典型微生物的致病特征及其感染风险；比较了中国相关标准中指示性微生物种类与美国及欧盟的差异，并分析了中国7大流域中指示性微生物与病原微生物的相关性；基于污染微生物的来源明确了影响水环境中微生物污染的主要因素；对水环境中微生物的检测方法和应用现状进行综述。总体而言，中国各大流域均受到微生物的污染，完善和提高相关水质标准中的微生物指标，控制水环境中微生物的污染源，提高微生物的检出能力，对水环境中微生物污染的防治工作具有积极意义。

Research status of microbial pollution in Chinese water environment

The microbial pollution in water environment would induce intestinal and respiratory diseases, threatening human's health. More and more attention had been paid to the pollution situation and detection methods of microorganisms in water environment. Based on the categories of water environment microorganisms, this study briefly introduced the characteristics and infection risk of pathogens. The indicative microorganisms in Chinese water quality standards were summarized and compared to that in USA and EU. The main factors affecting the microbial pollution in water environments were made clear based on the sources of microbial pollution. The detection methods of water environment microorganisms and their application status were reviewed. In brief, all the seven watersheds are contaminated by microorganisms. It would positively improve the prevention and control work of microbial pollution by improving the indicative microorganisms in relative water quality standards, controlling the sources of microbial pollution, and enhancing the detectability of microbial pollution.