大鼠实验性肝硬化形成过程中的病理变化对门静脉压力及血流动力学的影响

目的：通过对实验性大鼠肝硬化时门静脉压力与血流动力学的变化，了解门脉高压的形成过程。方法：采用治疗前后自身对照的方法，观察80只健康Wistar大鼠（注射前为对照组）及大鼠皮下注射四氯化碳后（实验组）肝组织的病理改变过程中其门静脉压力与血流动力学的变化。结果：实验性肝硬化过程中肝细胞经历了变性、坏死、纤维组织增生及假小叶形成；门静脉内径、血流速度、血流量在注射四氯化碳（CCl4）2周后明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；15周时由于形成了侧枝循环，上述测值又明显降低（P〈0．01）；实验组门脉压力与充血分数除在10周时与对照组比较变化无统计学意义外（P〉0．05），2、5、15周时与对照组比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；门静脉压力与内径、充血分数的相关系数分别为0．16、0．36（P〉0．05）。结论：大鼠在肝硬化形成过程中随着病理变化门静脉压力与血流动力学均发生动态变化。

The changes of hemodynamics and pressure of portal vein follow the changes of pathological process of experimental liver cirrhosis in rats

Aim: In order to explore the mechanisms of portal hypertension,the alterations of hemodynamics and pressure of portal vein during the process of experimental cirrhosis in a rat model were investigated.Methods: Animal model of cirrhosis was made by subcutaneously injection with Carbon tetrachloride in Wistar rats.Hemodynamics and pressure of the portal vein were assessed by ultrasonograph,and then pathology of the livers were observed by serial slices using HE staining.Results: During the formation of experimental cirrhosis,the hepatocyte of rats underwent four processes including degeneration,necrosis,fibrosis and pseudolobule proliferation.The diameter,the blood flow velocity and volume of portal vein significantly rised in 2 weeks after injection of carbon tetrachloride(P<0.05 or P<0.01) and then reduced in 15 weeks owing to formation of portacaval collateral circulation(P<0.01).The pressure and congest index of the portal vein increased in 2,5,15 weeks(P<0.05 or P<0.01) except for 10 weeks(P>0.05).Conclusion: The alterations of hemodynamics and pressure of the portal vein are in accordance with the pathological processes of cirrhosis in rats.