易逝品两级供应链中的数量折扣问题研究

在单个供应商和多个零售商构成的易逝品两级供应链中，供应商仅知道零售商需求分布的可能类型．不知道每个零售商的具体需求分布，存在信息不对称；供应商采用数量折扣策略对零售商进行信息甄别，最大化供应商的期望利润．文章建立了基于数量折扣策略且能最大化供应商期望利润的信息甄别模型，分析了模型解的性质，给出了求解方法．最后假设零售商市场需求呈均匀分布，采用遗传算法求出了模型的近优解，算例结果表明数量折扣策略能够最大化供应商的期望利润，不能实现供应链协调．

Study on quantity discounts in a two-echelon supply chain for perishable goods

In a two-echelon supply chain for perishable goods with a supplier and multi-retailers, the supplier knows that retailers have different demand distributions, but does not know them in detail, so there exists asymmetric information. To maximize its profit, supplier adopts quantity discounts to screen the retailers. We formulate a screening model to maximize supplier's profit, then analyze the properties of the model and put forward the solution procedures. At last we assume retailers' demand distributions are uniform, then adopt genetic algorithm to obtain the optimization results, numerical results indicate the quantity discounts can maximize supplier's expected profit, but it can not coordinate supply chain under the above environments.