权威的消解与民主的构建——论老子政治哲学中的社会批判思想

老子的社会批判思想是老子著名的无为主义政治哲学的一个重要理论前提.而老子作为一个自然主义者,他所反复阐述的"自然之道"无疑是其犀利的社会批判思想的内在灵魂和价值悬设.老子以"自然之道"深刻地批判和否定了社会现实及其政治的合法性基础,消解了全能主义的政治权威,创立了中国古代第一个独立的社会批判系统,为构建现代的民主政治和自由社会提供了可供启迪利用的丰富思想资源和固有的民族性基础.同时,对包括道家、儒家在内的中国传统政治哲学未能导出真正的民主政治理论和实践的主要原因、"内圣外王"之道的内在缺陷等都作了深入的分析.

Deconstruction of Authority and Construction of Democracy

Lao-tzu's critical thought is an important theoretical premise of his famous political philosophy which emphasizes Non-deeming Action. "Tao of Nature" Theory, repeatedly illustrated by Lao-tzu, is no doubt to be the inner spirit and the value preconception of his keen thought about social criticism. Lao-tzu not only criticized the reality of society and denied the legal foundation of government but also deconstructed the political authority of almightiness and set up the first independent social system in ancient China, thus providing rich resource of thought and connatural foundation of nationalism for modern politics and liberal society. Meanwhile, the author analyzes the main causes why the traditional political philosophy (including Confucianism and Taoism) can't produce the theory and practice of real democracy,as well as the inner defects of "sageliness within and kingliness without".