氮、磷、钾不同施肥水平对苹果容器苗生长的肥料效应研究

通过比较不同氮、磷、钾施肥水平下生长状况的差异，研究了苹果容器苗获得最大生物量积累所需要的最佳施肥水平。试验以一年生“脱毒烟富3”苹果苗为研究对象，采用三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合设计24个不同施肥处理。研究结果表明，不同氮、磷、钾施用水平对苹果容器苗木的各项生长指标产生显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）的差异影响；利用SPSS190进行统计分析，建立了施肥水平与苹果容器苗生物量积累之间的回归模型，通过分析得出，在本试验条件下，氮、磷、钾均对苹果容器苗生物量累积产生一定的增效作用，其肥效顺序为x_N＞x_K＞x_P，氮、磷、钾交互效应均表现为负作用，负作用的大小顺序为x_Nx_K＞x_Nx_P＞x_Px_K；氮对苹果容器苗的生长表现为正效应，氮、钾交互作用以及过量施用磷和钾均会对苗木的生长产生负作用；在本试验条件下，氮、磷、钾施用水平分别为氮（N）43.33 mg/L、磷（P₂O₅）28.28 mg/L、钾（K₂O）93.94 mg/L时，苹果容器苗总生物量可以达到理论最大值（干重）94.334 g/株。

Impact of different N,P, K application rates on apple container seedling growth

We addressed the optimal N, P and K application rates to gain the maximum biomass accumulation of apple container seedlings by comparison of growth distinctions of their different application rates. We also designed 24 different combinations of N, P and K nutrients treatment with three factors five levels quadratic orthogonal rotation design with one year living apple container seedlings as experimental subjects.Results show that different N, P and K application rates have significant(P<0.05) or extremely significant (P<0.01) effects on the growth characters of apple container seedlings. We constructed a regressive model between N, P and K application rates and biomass accumulation of apple container seedlings with SPSS19.0 as a statistical analysis tool. Analysis results demonstrate that N, P and K application rates all have positive effects on the biomass accumulation of apple container seedlings with an order of x_N>x_K>x_P.However, the interactions among N,P,K application rates all display negative effects by an order of x_Nx_K>x_Nx_P>x_Px_K.Application rate of N has positive effect, but the interactions between N and K application rate and excessive application of P and K cause negative effects on the growth of apple container seedlings. Optimal application rate of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O are respectively 43.33 mg/L,28.28 mg/L and 93.94 mg/L,based on which the total biomass of apple container seedlings can attain the theoretical maximum of 94.334 g/plant.