近56年来中国四季降雨事件演变特征的空间差异分析

全球气候变化背景下不同季节降雨及其贡献率的空间分异特征是学界关注的焦点问题之一。本文采用535个站点的日值降水数据分析了1961-2016年中国四季降雨的空间差异性。结果表明：①中国四季降雨雨量和雨日具有明显的“东南高-西北低”的空间分异特征,而中国四季降雨雨量和雨日贡献率的空间格局相比前者差异较大。②在变化趋势上,中国四季降雨雨量和雨日及其贡献率在冬季增加趋势最明显,夏季减少趋势最明显。在波动特征上,中国四季降雨雨量和雨日及其贡献率波动特征在冬季最大,夏季最小。③不同季节降雨雨量和雨日的差异表明季风边缘区是中国四降雨的重要分界线。四季降雨雨量和雨日贡献率的差异特征与前者相比差异较大。降雨贡献率有助于深化认识全球气候变暖背景下的降雨变化特征。

Spatial difference analysis of the evolution characteristics of the four seasons rainfall events in China in the last 56 years

The spatial differentiation of rainfall and its contribution rate under the background of global climate change is one of the focus issues. In this study, the spatial variability of rainfall in the four seasons of China from 1961 to 2016 was analyzed by using the daily precipitation data of 535 stations. The results showed that: Seasons rainfall amounts and rainfall days has obvious differentiation characteristics of "southeast high- northwest low". The spatial pattern of rainfall amounts and rainfall days contribution rate in four seasons have large difference compared to the former. The rainfall amounts and rainfall days and the corresponding contribution rate has obvious increasing trend in winter, and decreasing trend in summer. The fluctuation characteristics of rainfall amounts and rainfall days and the corresponding contribution rate fluctuate high in winter and low in summer. The difference of rainfall amounts and rainfall days show that the monsoon marginal zone is an important boundary of rainfall events in four season in China. The seasonal difference of rainfall amounts and rainfall days and the corresponding contribution rate have large differences compared to the former. The rainfall contribution rate helps to deepen the understanding of the characteristics of rainfall changes under the background of global warming.