华北平原地下水超采区不同节水技术灌溉用水量分析

华北平原区地下水超采严重,面对这一亟待解决的问题,开展地下水超采综合治理工作迫在眉睫,现在河北省选取一些试点区采用节水灌溉技术来缓解农业灌溉用水压力,不断压减地下水超采量。为了得知节水灌溉技术在试点区的推广应用情况,本次在河北省沧州市14个县选择典型地块进行小麦灌水试验。灌试验期跨越整个冬小麦生育期,灌水试验采用超声波流量计和体积法进行相互印证,并结合小麦生育期内用电量及灌溉次数对灌溉用水量进行了测算。结果表明,管灌的试验和理论灌溉用水均高于喷灌,分别为5.68%和17.68%,低压管灌试验灌溉用水量总体比理论推算灌溉用水量高5.3%,喷灌试验灌溉用水量总体比理论推算灌溉用水量低8.5%。喷灌相对管灌节水效果更优,但喷灌相对管灌普适性较差推广难度大。节水灌溉技术推广应因地制宜,并增强灌溉设施建后服务管理。

Analysis on Irrigation Water Consumption of Different Water-saving Techniques in Groundwater Overdraft Area of North China Plain

In the face of the problem of over-exploitation of groundwater in North China Plain, It is imminent to carry out comprehensive management of groundwater overdraft. Hebei Province, now select some pilot areas using water-saving irrigation technology to alleviate agricultural irrigation water pressure, and constantly reduce the amount of groundwater overdraft. In order to know the promotion of water-saving irrigation technology in the pilot area, this time in Hebei Province, Cangzhou City, 14 counties selected typical plots for wheat irrigation test. The experiment period crossed the whole winter wheat growth period, the irrigation flow test was carried out by ultrasonic flowmeter and volumetric method to confirm each other, and the irrigation water consumption was measured combining the electricity consumption and irrigation times in the wheat growth period. The results showed that the test and theoretical irrigation water of pipe-irrigation were higher than that of sprinkler irrigation, Respectively, 5.68% and 17.68%. The total amount of irrigation water used in the low pressure pipe-irrigation test is 5.3% higher than that calculated by the theoretical irrigation. The irrigation water consumption of sprinkler irrigation used in the irrigation experiment is 8.5% lower than the theoretical irrigation water. The irrigation effect of pipe-irrigation is better than that of sprinkler irrigation, but it is difficult to promote the poor generalization of sprinkler irrigation. The promotion of water-saving irrigation technology should be based on local conditions, strengthen the water-saving equipment after the service management.