产品垂直差异化竞争下的闭环供应链决策研究

针对新产品与再制造产品实行差别定价,以及两家制造商的产品存在垂直差异化竞争的情形,研究了闭环供应链系统的定价决策与协调策略.结果表明,产品产异化战略可有效摆脱Bertrand悖论,分散决策时的双重边际化效应会造成系统效率的损失,而联合决策定价可以增加废旧产品回收量,降低产品售价,使系统绩效达到最优.为此,以联合决策下的均衡结果作为基准,通过收入-费用共享契约协调定价,确定合理的分享比例,就能够实现闭环供应链系统的完美协调.最后通过数值算例,进一步分析了产品替代和价格弹性系数等对供应链定价和利润的影响.

Closed-Loop Supply Chain Decision-Making under Competition of Product Vertical Differentiation

A Closed-Loop Supply Chain(CLSC) system which includes duopoly manufacturers and a retailer,and the competitive strategies of the manufacturers' products with vertical differentiation was studied.In this system,duopoly manufacturers' new products(or remanufactured ones) are sold together in the same market at different prices.The results reveal an effective elimination of the influence of Bertrand's paradox by product differentiation strategy;a loss of system efficiency caused by double marginalization during decentralized decision-making;and more recycling of waste products,lowering product prices and optimizing system performance deriving from the use of joint decision-making pricing.Therefore,on basis of equilibrium result under joint decision-making,through coordinated pricing by revenue-and-expense sharing contract,and identifying a reasonable sharing ratio will enable the perfect coordination of CLSC system.Further numerical examples also analyzes the impact that the substitute ratio and price sensitivity coefficient have on supply chain pricing and profits.