植物天然免疫系统研究进展

很多植物病原菌严重地损害植物的生长和繁殖。植物与病原体协同进化过程中，也逐渐形成了一系列复杂高效的保护机制来抵御病原物的侵染。植物中抵抗外界微生物刺激所形成的系统被称为植物天然免疫系统，可分为两个层次。第1个层次是植物模式识别受体(PRRs)识别病原相关分子模式(PAMPs)，触发病原相关分子模式触发的免疫反应（PTI），激活植物体中促丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路使植物产生早期应答反应。PTI适应性较广，可识别和响应包括非致病菌的许多类微生物。第2个层次是病原菌产生效应因子抑制基础免疫响应PTI，而植物产生针对性更强的抗性蛋白(R蛋白)识别效应因子，并通过效应因子触发型免疫(ETI)来重建植物的抗性。笔者综述了近年来植物天然免疫系统的研究进展，认为随着对植物天然免疫系统研究的深入，应重视PTI和ETI的结合利用，有效扩大植物抗菌谱，改良植物ETI抗性。

Recent advances in plant immune system

Many plant-associated microbes are pathogens that impair plant growth and reproduction.Plants have evolved a series of complicated defense mechanism against pathogens during their long term process of co-evolution.Plants innate immune system efficiently detects and wards off potentially dangerous microbes.A first layer of this system is based on sensitive perception of pathogen-or microbe-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors(PRRs) at the plant’s cell surface,which would active mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling cascade and burst early responses in plant resistance to pathogen attacks.The first layer recognizes and responds to many classes of microbes,including non-pathogens.With pathogens produce effectors to inhibit PTI,plants can perceive such effectors through additional receptors,typically nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat(NB-LRR) proteins,to mount a second layer of defense called effect or triggered immunity(ETI).Here,we highlight recent literature on plants innate immune system,and based on a detailed understanding of plant immune function,we should focus on the combination of the use of PTI and ETI to expand the antimicrobial spectrum of plant effectively and improve plants’s disease-resistance.