曲阜市麦田杂草调查及其对小麦的他感作用研究

报道了曲阜市麦田杂草的种类和发生规律．结果表明，曲阜市麦田杂草有16科45种，以越冬发生型和早春发生型杂草为主．主要优势种杂草有麦瓶草Silene conoidea、播娘蒿Descurainia sophia、荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris、宝盖草Lamium amplexicaule、野燕麦Atena fatua、看麦娘Alpecurus aequalis、猪殃殃Galium aparine var．tenerum、牛繁缕Mdachium aquaticum、波斯婆婆纳Veronica persica、麦家公Lithospermum arvense、田旋花Calystegia arvensis等．同时研究了7种优势杂草对小麦的他感作用，结果表明，播娘蒿的水提液能明显抑制小麦种子的萌发和幼苗生长，宝盖草、麦瓶草和荠菜的水提液也具有较强的抑制作用。

A BOTANICAL SURVEY OF THE WEEDS IN THE WHEAT FIELDS IN QUFU CITY WITH A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE ALLEOPATHIC EFFECTS OF SEVEN SPECIES WEEDS ON WHEAT

This paper reports the species of weeds and their occurring characteristics in the wheat fields of Qufu City, Shandong Province, China. There are 45 species of weeds in the wheat fields and they belong to 16 families. The dominant species are Silene conoidea, Descurainia sophia, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Lamium amplexicaule, Avena fatua, Alpecurus aequalis, Galium aparine var. tenerum, Malachium aquaticum, Veronica persica, Lithospermum arvense, Calystegia arvensis, etc. The allelopathic effects of the aqueous extracts of seven dominant species on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat were studied.The results indicates that the aqueous extract of Descurainia sophia can strongly restrain the seed germination and seedling growth of wheat. The aqueous extracts of some other species, such as Lamium amplexicaule, Silene conoidea and Capsella bursa-pastoris, also restrain the seed germination and seedling growth of wheat.