上下千古,自治性情——黄宗羲诗学思想片论

明中后叶以来,受前后七子复古派诗学的影响,诗坛普遍充斥着一股模拟剽窃的诗风,成为清初诗论家批评的重点.作为学者的黄宗羲认为问题主要在于两个方面,一是有宋以来折衷之学大行其道所产生的不良后果,导致学诗者被"入主出奴"的门户家数所束缚,模唐拟宋.另一方面,部分学诗者认识到"随事摹拟"(明高启《独庵集序》)所带来的诸多弊端,提出以不学为学,以致又产生准的无依的困惑.归根结底,这二者都是因为没有正确处理好诗与学的关系所致.由此,黄宗羲正面提出了学通过治理诗之性情而介入诗的观念.

Huang Zong-xi''''s Poetic Thought: Eternality and Self-rule Temperament

Since the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty,under the influence of the restoration poetic school of "Seven Scholars",the poetic domain has been flooded with a gust of simulation and plagiarism which is frequently criticized by critics of the Early Qing Dynasty.Huang Zong-xi points out there are two factors for this issue.On one hand,the kickback of the compromise thought since the Song Dynasty leads to the schools confining the poem-scholars only simulating the poems of the Song and Tang Dynasties,on the other hand,some poem-scholars realize the disadvantages caused by simulation and then come up with the idea of learning through no learning which later baffle them with independence.Ultimately,these factors are resulted from the incorrect relation between poems and studies.Hence,Huang puts forward the concept of learning into the poetics by controlling the poetic temperament.