北京天坛公园鸟类多样性季节变化调查

最近的天坛公园鸟类调查到现在已有5年之久,为弄清楚该园内的鸟类发生了哪些变化,作者于2010年4月-2011年1月,每月3～4次在天坛公园进行鸟类调查,记录鸟类物种数和总数量,结合天坛公园的自然环境,对公园鸟类群落结构及其季节变化进行分析.调查共记录到鸟类89种,其中迁徙鸟类62种,占69.66%,留鸟27种,占30.34%;国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类7种,北京市1级重点保护鸟类12种,2级重点保护鸟类43种.从整体上看,天坛公园鸟类的物种数和总数量在春秋两季呈现高峰,夏季最低;鸟类群落有明显的季节性变化.春秋两季有大量旅鸟迁徙经过,种类和数量变化大,夏季以留鸟和夏候鸟居多,冬季以留鸟和冬候鸟为主,所以夏冬两季鸟类群落相对稳定;对4种生境鸟类群落的多样性及均匀性的分析结果显示,苗圃鸟类多样性指数最高,为1.867 7;景点区最低,为0.621 3.鸟类均匀度指数景点区最高,为0.823 3;苗圃最低,为0.729 1.较之前的研究,麻雀(Passer montanus)、喜鹊(Pica pica)、灰喜鹊(Cyanopica cyana)的种群数量仍占绝对优势,是公园中的优势种,该次调查首次记录到绿头鸭在园内落地停留.

An investigation on birds diversity and seasonal change at the Temple of Heaven Park in Beijing

The recent bird survey at the Temple of Heaven Park was done five years ago.To make clear of what are the changes,the authors investigated the bird diversity of species number and abundance in the park during April of 2010 to January of 2011.Combined with the geographical position and natural environment of the park,3 or 4 surveys were conducted every month and the bird community structure and seasonal changes were analyzed.The results showed that 89 bird species were recorded,among them 62 were migrant birds accounting for 69.66% of total avifauna,27 were residents accounting for 30.34%.There were 7 birds under the national protection of level two,12 species under the Beijing protection level one,and 43 species under the Beijing protection level two.The bird community structures in the park changed between seasons with the two peaks of the species number and population abundance in spring and autumn and the lowest in summer.During the spring and autumn a large migrant flock passed through with the bird species and the quantity changed dramatically.In summer the residents and summer breeders were the majority,whereas in winter theresidents and winter visitors were the majority.But the bird community structure was relatively stable in summer and winter.The multiple choice index and average index of bird community were calculated in four habitats.The multiple choice index in the nursery garden is the highest of 1.867 7 and in the scenery area is 0.621 3,the lowest.The bird average index in the scenery area is 0.823 3 which is the highest and in the nursery garden is 0.729 1 which is the lowest.Compared with previous surveys the population number of Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus),Common Magpie(Pica pica) and Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyana) was the largest and the three birds are the dominant species in the park.In this investigation we firstly recorded the landing of Mallard in the park.