山西省煤田区陷落柱分布规律与成因模式

 通过搜集山西省煤田区陷落柱发育资料, 绘制山西省煤田区陷落柱发育分布图, 结合华北山西断块煤田地质与水文地质特征和陷落柱形成条件, 得出山西陷落柱分布规律为:1)主要发育在盆地边缘, 如大同盆地北缘和沁水盆地边缘;2)河流和岩溶泉水发育的地区, 陷落柱更为发育, 如太原西山、霍州和阳泉地区;3)沿新生代伸展构造山西地堑发育。根据山西省区域构造演化和陷落柱的形成条件分析得出, 山西省陷落柱形成受到构造运动的控制, 其构造条件为"两升两反":在构造运动上升期间, 岩溶发育, 陷落柱形成方式以热液溶蚀、真空塌陷和重力塌陷为主;在构造反转期间, 上覆岩层稳定性被破坏, 陷落柱形成方式以重力塌陷叠加循环塌陷为主。

Distribution of the collapse columns in coal fields of Shanxi Province and its genetic models

By collecting massive amount of data from local coal fields in Shanxi Province, a map of the distribution of the collapse columns in this area is generated. The distribution of the collapse columns is discussed combined with the data of coal geology and hydrogeology, as well as the formation condition of the collapse columns. The collapse columns are mainly developed in such areas: 1) near the margin of the basin, such as Datong basin and Qinshui basin; 2) the area with river and karst spring, for instance, Xishan of Taiyuan, Huozhou and Yangquan areas; 3) the area along the Shanxi graben system. According to the tectonic evolution and the formation condition of the collapse columns in Shanxi Province, the following conclusions are made. The formation of the collapse columns is controlled by the tectonic movement and its tectonic condition which is"Two uplift-Two tectonic inversion". During the uplift, the karst well development and the formation mechanism of the collapse columns are combined with the hydrothermal dissolution, the vacuum corrosion and the gravitational collapse. During the tectonic inversion, the stability of the layer above the karst is destroyed and the formation mechanism of the collapse columns is combined with the gravitational collapse and the circulation collapse. This study may help discover the distribution law of the collapse columns in deeper layers, and has the theoretical and practical significance concerning the coal mine safety and effectiveness.