秦俑博物馆室内气溶胶的演化特征及影响因素

 分析了2013 年秦俑博物馆(秦俑馆)1 号坑遗址保护展示厅的室内空气质量, 包括微气候条件、气溶胶质量浓度及化学组成的冬、夏季特征, 并通过探讨其在1989 至2013 年间的演化, 评价博物馆的旅游规划和环境改善政策对文物保存大气环境的长期影响。自20 世纪90 年代开始, 秦俑馆内一系列环境措施的实施和旅游条件的建设, 对秦俑馆室内的气溶胶及其组成产生了显著的影响。其中, 夏季室内总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的质量浓度由1994 年的540.0 μg·m^-3降低至2004 年的172.4 μg·m^-3, 冬季TSP 的质量浓度由1994 年的380.0 μg·m^-3降低至2005 年的312.5 μg·m^-3。夏季PM_2.5的质量浓度由2004 的108.4 μg·m^-3降低至2013 的65.7 μg·m^-3, 冬季PM_2.5的质量浓度由2005 的242.3 μg·m^-3降低至2013 的98.6 μg·m^-3。尽管如此, 秦俑馆内的文物依然面临气溶胶酸性组分的长期威胁。

Evolution of indoor aerosol in Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Museum and its influential factors

Long-term measurement results of indoor air quality (IAQ) from 1989 to 2013 inside Pit No.1, the largest display hall in Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Museum (QTM) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of measures for conservation environment improvement of antiques. By comparing the results of sampling campaigns in 2013 with databases in 1989, 2004-2005, 2006-2007, and 2011, seasonal and inter-annual variations in microclimate and aerosol chemical compositions were incorporated in estimating the probable influences of management of surroundings, tourist flow, excavation and restoration task, and renovation and/or new construction work on IAQ in the QTM. Since the implementation of the environmental policies of 1990s, a significant decrease of indoor particulate matter mass for the QTM has been achieved. The mass concentrations of summer TSP decreased from 540.0 μg·m^-3 in 1994 to 172.4 μg·m^-3 in 2004, as well as the winter TSP decreased from 380.0 μg·m^-3 in 1994 to 312.5 μg·m^-3 in 2005. The mass concentration of summer PM_2.5 decreased from 108.4 μg·m^-3 in 2004 to 65.7 μg·m^-3 in 2013, as well as the winter PM_2.5 from 242.3 μg·m^-3 in 2005 to 98.6 μg·m^-3 in 2013. However, it is noted that potential hazards due to the secondary particulate acidic species in indoor air should still be considered to ensure the long-term preservation and conservation of the museum's artifact collection.