内蒙古河套灌区湿地现状调查与分析

 内蒙古河套灌区湿地资源丰富,类型繁多。但最近几年由于人类活动的影响和环境的破坏,该地区出现了不同程度的退化,湿地富营养化、盐碱化现象严重。通过室内遥感解译和室外调查相结合的手段,对河套灌区湿地现状进行调查。依据该地区湿地形成的原因、湿地水源补给和水源排泄情况,灌区湿地可分为7 个类型。该地区湿地数量和面积与年降水情况有很大的关系。此外,该地区湿地及周边植被类型较为单一,共发现植物33 个科,81 个属,共计123 种植物,物种丰富度不是很高,植物种数仅占该地区全部植物种数的不足50%,表现出明显的地域性特点。

Investigation and analysis of present situation of wetlands in Hetao irrigation area in Inner Mongolia

The Hetao irrigation area in Inner Mongolia has abundant and a great variety of wetland resources. However, in recent years, this area had different extents of degeneration and serious eutrophication and salinization due to human activities and their damage to the environment. Combining indoor remote sensing interpretation and outdoor survey, we investigated the present situation of wetlands in Hetao irrigation area. As per wetland formation cause, wetland water source supply and water discharge in this area, the wetlands can be classified into 7 types. It was found that the quantity and area of wetlands in this area had great relationships with the annual precipitation. In addition, the types of wetlands and surrounding vegetation in this area were relatively single, where 33 families and 81 genera of plants were found, totaling 123 varieties. The number of varieties of plants only accounted for less than 50% of the total number in this area, showing apparent regional characteristics.