油水分离膜的表/界面设计与结构调控

 膜分离是含油污水深度处理的有效途径,油水分离膜是含油污水膜法处理的核心材料,其表/界面的结构和物化特征直接决定了油水分离的效率与膜材料使用寿命。本文综述了近年来油水分离膜表/界面设计与结构调控方面的研究进展。介绍了膜表面化学和拓扑结构对膜性能的影响,阐述了油水分离膜表/界面设计的原理、疏水膜的构建与亲水性反转、超亲水表面的制备,以及智能型油水分离膜的设计与制备。归纳了目前油水分离膜和含油污水膜法处理研究中存在的一些共性问题,包括定量研究和破乳机制研究缺乏、膜材料耐热性和耐化学清洗性不足等,对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

The design of surface/interface of oil/water separation membranes and the structural adjustment

The membrane separation is a promising way for the treatment and reuse of oily wastewater. The membrane material plays a key role in the oil/water membrane separation and its surface/interfacial morphologies and physiochemical characteristics are responsible for the separation efficiency and the lifespan of the membrane. This paper reviews the recent advances in the design and the modulation of oil/water separation membrane surfaces and interfaces. The effects of the membrane surface chemistry and morphology on the membrane separation performances are summarized. The scientific fundamentals of the surface/interfacial design, the construction of the hydrophobic surface and the hydrophilic inversion, the preparation of the superhydrophilic surface and the stimuli- responsive membrane are discussed in detail. Some unsolved problems in oil/water separation materials and membrane techniques e.g. the development of the antifouling and chemically stable membrane materials, the thermally tolerant membranes, and the demulsification technique are addressed. Finally, the directions of further studies are proposed.