基于PB-LCA的湖南省建筑碳足迹测算及其机理分析

 基于PB-LCA方法，以湖南省为例构建了省区层面的宏观建筑碳足迹模型，定量测度和比较2004-2016年建筑各个阶段的碳足迹及其变化情况，采用地理探测器技术分析了建筑碳足迹的影响机理。分析表明：建筑碳足迹整体上呈现波动增长之势，建材准备和建筑运行是产生碳足迹的两个主要阶段，而建造施工和建筑拆除阶段的碳足迹比重则较小；建材准备阶段的碳足迹主要来自钢材和水泥，公共建筑碳足迹处于波动上升的趋势，而居住建筑碳足迹则出现波动式下降之势；建筑业发展度、能源结构和第三产业比重是建筑碳足迹的3个主要影响因素。提出了减少建材特别是钢材和水泥的消耗量、降低建造施工和建筑运行阶段的煤炭类消费比重、实行公共建筑能耗和碳排放限额等3个建筑节能减碳的主要技术方向。关键词PB-LCA方法；建筑碳足迹；地理探测器技术；湖南省

Accounting of construction CO2 footprint and its mechanism analysis based on PB-LCA in Hunan province

Based on PB-LCA method, taking typical hot summer and cold winter areas of Hunan province as an example, this paper sets up a macro-construction CO₂ footprint model at the provincial level, quantitatively measures and compares CO₂ footprints and their changes in each stage of the construction during 2004-2016, and uses geographical detector technology to analyze the influence mechanism of construction CO₂ footprint. Main conclusion is as follows. The construction CO₂ footprint was the trend of the overall fluctuating growth; building materials preparation and construction operations were the two major stages of the construction CO₂ footprint, while the CO₂ footprint of construction and construction demolition stage was relatively small; the CO₂ footprint of building materials preparation stage mainly came from steel and cement, and the CO₂ footprint of public buildings was on the rise. But the CO₂ footprint of residential buildings had a tendency of fluctuating drop. The construction development degree, energy structure and tertiary industry proportion were the three main influencing factors of construction CO 2 footprint. Thus, reducing consumption of building materials, especially steel and cement, reducing the proportion of coal consumption during construction and construction operation, and implementing limits of energy consumption and CO₂ emission on public buildings are the main technical directions of energy-saving and CO₂ reduction in construction.