卫星遥感监测全球和中国区域污染气体NO2和NO2时空变化

 卫星遥感技术的发展为连续、大面积监测城市污染气体NO₂和NO₂提供了重要技术支持。本文基于紫外-可见光高光谱传感器OMI观测数据,分析了近10余年(2004-2014年)全球和中国区域NO₂和NO₂空间分布特征、长时间序列变化和季节变化特征。结果表明,中国NO₂含量的高值主要集中在京津冀及周边、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、新疆乌鲁木齐、辽宁沈阳、陕西西安等地,NO₂主要集中在京津冀、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、四川、重庆等地。较2005-2009 年,2010-2014年NO₂高值范围有所扩大,河北、山东、河南、安徽、新疆乌鲁木齐等地NO₂含量有所上升,而珠江三角洲、上海等地NO₂含量有所下降。与NO₂时空变化不同,较2005-2009年,2010-2014 年NO₂高值区范围有所缩小,且河北、山东、河南、安徽、江苏、上海、重庆、贵州、珠江三角洲等地NO₂含量有所降低。全球范围内,中国东部、美国东部、荷兰、德国、意大利、南非等地NO₂含量较高,中国中东部、美国东部、南非、印度等地NO₂含量较高。较2005-2009 年,2010-2014 年美国东部、中国珠江三角洲、中国上海、日本、西班牙、葡萄牙、意大利北部、迪拜等地NO₂含量下降明显,而2010-2014 年中国东部地区和乌鲁木齐、波兰大部、伊朗德黑兰、伊拉克巴格达、科威特、沙特利雅得、印度新德里、印度巴朗格伊尔及周边、孟加拉国达卡、智利圣地亚哥等地NO₂含量却有不同程度的上升。较2005-2009 年,2010-2014 年中国华北大部、重庆和贵州大部、珠江三角洲、长江三角洲,以及美国东部、南非姆普马兰加及周边等地的NO₂含量有所下降,而秘鲁利马、秘鲁南部等地NO₂含量出现增长。全球7 大主要城市近10 年NO₂和NO₂含量比较结果显示,中国石家庄NO₂含量均值最高,其次为中国北京、俄罗斯莫斯科、南非姆普马兰加、美国纽约、德国科隆、中国乌鲁木齐;南非姆普马兰加、中国石家庄、中国北京的NO₂总量明显高于美国纽约、德国科隆、俄罗斯莫斯科;中国北京、中国乌鲁木齐、美国纽约、德国科隆、俄罗斯莫斯科城市NO₂含量高于NO₂。

Spatiotemporal variations of NO2 and NO2 over global region and China by OMI observations during 2004-2014

The satellite remote sensing technology provides an unprecedented advantage for continuous, large spatial and shortrevisit columns during 2010-2014 over Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and Urumchi are increasing due to increased vehicles and the immature flue gas denitrification technology, while the NO₂ columns over Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guizhou and Guangzhou are decreasing due to the strong control for pollution emission from large coal-fired power plants and the effective flue gas desulfurization. On a global scale, the Eastern China, the Eastern United States, Netherlands, Germany, Italy and South Africa have high NO₂ levels, while the Eastern China, the Eastern United States, South Africa and India have high NO₂ pollution levels. Compared with those in 2005-2009, the NO₂ columns during 2010-2014 over the Eastern China, Poland, Teheran, Baghdad, Kuwait, Riyadh, New Delhi, Dacca and Santiago are increasing, while the Eastern United States, the Pearl River Delta, Shanghai, Japan, Spain, Portugal, Northern Italy and Dubai see an obvious decreasing trend. The NO₂ columns during 2010-2014 over the Northern China, the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River Delta, the Eastern United States, Mpumalanga are decreasing obviously. The trend with the NO₂ columns higher that that of NO₂ is found in cities of Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Urumchi, New York, Cologne and Moscow. monitoring for atmospheric NO₂ and NO₂. This paper presents the spatial and temporal distributions of NO₂ and NO₂ from OMI over Global region and China during 2004-2014. The results show that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River Delta, Urumchi, Shenyang and Xi'an have high NO₂ columns, while the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River Delta, Sichuan and Chongqing have high NO₂ columns. Compared with those in 2005-2009, the NO₂ columns during 2010-2014 over Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and Urumchi are increasing due to increased vehicles and the immature flue gas denitrification technology, while the NO₂ columns over Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guizhou and Guangzhou are decreasing due to the strong control for pollution emission from large coal-fired power plants and the effective flue gas desulfurization. On a global scale, the Eastern China, the Eastern United States, Netherlands, Germany, Italy and South Africa have high NO₂ levels, while the Eastern China, the Eastern United States, South Africa and India have high NO₂ pollution levels. Compared with those in 2005-2009, the NO₂ columns during 2010-2014 over the Eastern China, Poland, Teheran, Baghdad, Kuwait, Riyadh, New Delhi, Dacca and Santiago are increasing, while the Eastern United States, the Pearl River Delta, Shanghai, Japan, Spain, Portugal, Northern Italy and Dubai see an obvious decreasing trend. The NO₂ columns during 2010-2014 over the Northern China, the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River Delta, the Eastern United States, Mpumalanga are decreasing obviously. The trend with the NO₂ columns higher that that of NO₂ is found in cities of Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Urumchi, New York, Cologne and Moscow.