明至清初青藏高原畜牧业经济初探

文章以大量的历史文献论述了以饲养马、牛、羊等牲畜为主的畜牧业生产在青藏高原诸游牧民族的生产生活中占据着主导地位.明代至清前期,青藏高原地区的农业经济虽然有所发展,但由于自然条件的特殊性,畜牧业生产依然在社会经济生活中占据着主导地位,肩负着促进当地社会经济发展的任务,明清政府在高原地区和接近高原地区设置的官营茶马贸易和官办马场,客观上对民间畜牧产业的发展起到了推动作用.以史为鉴,如何在生态环境脆弱的条件下推动高原地区经济的发展,以满足当地人民日常生活所需也是我们当代人需要思考的问题.

A Brief Analysis on Animal Husbandry Economics in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau From Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty

By presenting great amount of historical references, this paper points out that animal husbandry which mainly includes raising of horses, cows, and sheep is playing a leading role in the lives of nomads in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. From Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty, although there were certain level of farming industry developed in the plateau, animal husbandry still played the leading role in social economics. Animal husbandry bared the responsibility for social economic development. The official ran tea-horse trade and stud farms established in Ming and Qing Dynasties have helped in promoting local animal husbandry development in this area. To draw lessons from history, we have to seriously consider the issue of how can we promote local economic development in such fragile ecological environment in order to fulfill the daily needs of local people.