超声强化超临界CO2萃取复方丁香肉桂挥发油的研究

采用正交实验确定了超声强化超临界CO2萃取（USCE）复方丁香肉桂挥发油的最优工艺参数,借助由微分质量衡算和Fick第一定律推导出的模型,建立了其萃取的具体动力学模型方程,并通过分析有和无超声强化的具体动力学模型方程研究了超声对超临界CO2萃取（SCE）的强化效果及运用GC-MS分析和GC定量分析对比了复方丁香肉桂合提分提的情况.结果表明:最优工艺参数为:萃取压力25 MPa,萃取时间4.0 h,CO2流量3.0 L?h-1,超声功率密度60 W?L-1,此时挥发油得率为11.60%; E=13.39×(1-e-0.4706×t)和E=13.10×(1-e-0.3921×t)分别为超声强化超临界CO2萃取和超临界CO2萃取复方丁香肉桂挥发油的具体动力学模型方程;超声能够对超临界CO2萃取起到强化作用;合提时挥发油得率高于分提时的得率,萃取了的丁香酚与以肉桂醛为代表的单味药肉桂综合作用的结果是使其自身在超临界CO2流体的溶解度增强,同理,对肉桂醛也一样,这是复方实际值大于单方加和值的一个最主要原因;同时,合提时丁香和肉桂的某些成分之间发生了相互作用,导致更多的复方丁香肉桂中其它成分向超临界CO2流体中传递,例如: 2,4,6-Trimethoxyacetophenone和α-Cadinol等这些都是在分提时没有发现的,这是复方实际值大于单方加和值的一个次要原因.所有这些都可以使复方实际值大于单方加和值.合提时β-石竹烯和乙酰丁香酚的质量含量是降低的,但从全局看不占主导作用.复方实际值大于单方加和值是上述原因综合作用的结果.

Ultrasound-assisted Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Volatile Oil from Compound Recipe of Clove and Cinnamon

The optimal parameters of ultrasound-assisted supercritical CO2 extraction (USCE) of volatile oil from compound recipe of clove and cinnamon was studied by using orthogonal experiment, the specific dynamic model equation of the extraction process was established basing on the model deduced from the differential mass balance and the Fick’s first law, the effect of ultrasound on supercritical CO2 extraction (SCE) was showed by analyzing the specific dynamic model equations of USCE and SCE and the extracted variance of compound recipe of clove and cinnamon between simultaneous extraction and individual extraction was contrasted by GC-MS and GC. The results showed that the optimized extraction conditions were extraction pressure 25 MPa, extraction time 4.0 h, CO2 flow rate 3.0 L?h-1, ultrasonic power density 60 W?L-1, and the extraction yield (EY) of volatile oil from compound recipe of clove and cinnamon was 11.60%; E=13.39×(1-e-0.4706×t) and E=13.10×(1-e-0.3921×t) were the specific dynamic model equations of USCE and SCE; ultrasound could enhance SCE; EY of volatile oil was higher. The mechanism was that the extraction eugenol and the existence of cinnamaldehyde, which was the main representative of cinnamon ,increased the solubility of the extracted eugenol. Also, the solubility of the extracted cinnamaldehyde. All of these were the main reason of the extraction yield of volatile oil from the compound recipe of clove and cinnamon was greater than the sum yields of individual clove and cinnamon. At the same time, the interaction between clove and cinnamon resulted in more some other components transferred to supercritical CO2 fluid, such as, 2,4,6-Trimethoxyacetophenone and α-Cadinol those were not found when clove and cinnamon were individually extracted. This was the secondary reason of the extraction yield of volatile oil from the compound recipe of clove and cinnamon was greater than the sum yields of individual clove and cinnamon. All the above made the compound recipe greater than the sum yields of individual .The mass content of β-caryophyllene and eugenol acetate were reduced when clove and cinnamon were extracted simultaneously. But this was not dominant. That the extraction yield of volatile oil from the compound recipe of clove and cinnamon was greater than the sum yields of individual clove and cinnamon were the result of the combined effects of the above actions.