《海上夫人》的四种地理意象群落及艺术特征

易卜生后期象征剧《海上夫人》，建构了以“花园”“山坡”“大海”与“挪威”为中心的四种地理意象群落。是剧作家对亲情、爱情、自由、生命、生态以及人类命运等问题的思考，具有独到而深刻的审美内涵。四者以“花园”作为中心，一圈一圈向外扩展，范围越来越广阔，意境也越来越高远，形成一幅完整的圆形地理结构图。《海上夫人》整体艺术特征的“圆形结构”，不仅使剧作以某种地理意象为中心而形成了地理意象群落，重重叠加而形成圆形的艺术图式，同时也使剧作家圆润的艺术想象与艺术构思方式由此得到完整体现。以上各方面共同构成《海上夫人》艺术存在的基本内容，让它拥有了圆满而完美的地理艺术之图景。

Four Groups of Geographical Images and Their Artistic Features in The Lady from the Sea

Four groups of geographical images stand eminently in Ibsen＇ s later symbolic drama The Lady from the Sea： images of gardens, slope, sea and Norway, which display Ibsen＇ s thinking about such issues as love, freedom, life, ecology and human destiny. Taking ＂garden＂ as their center, the four groups of images expand ring upon ring to a farther and farther range, thus forming a complete circular geographical structure. The skillful conception and imagination of the dramatist and the artistic features nf the drama are fully displayed in this circular structure. The structure not only shows the basic artistic schema, which centers on the groups of geographical images, but also bears profound aesthetic significance.