中国国民体质变化的地区差异特征与影响因素

体质是健康的基础，体质变化差异是健康不平等的重要表现形式之一.该文以2005年、2014年两次国民体质监测数据为依据，综合利用空间自相关、基尼系数分解、逐步回归等方法，对我国城乡居民体质变化的地区差异特征与社会决定因素进行考察.结果表明：1)2000年以来我国国民体质水平变化比较明显，总体呈现为“东升、西降，中部大致稳定”的地理格局，升、降水平相似的地区存在空间集聚趋势；2)国民体质变化的地区差异不断扩大，地区差异主要来源于东、中、西3大地带之间的差异和超变函数，地带内部省区的差异贡献较小；3)在控制其他因素不变的条件下，良好的健康初始状况和较高的住房支出是城镇居民体质改善的推动因素，农村居民体质的改善则得益于食品支出的增加，但住房和食品支出的进一步增加有可能导致体质恶化.研究结果为国家合理配置健康资源、缩小健康差距提供了参考依据.

Regional difference of national physical change and its influencing factors in China

Physical condition is the basis of health， and difference of physical change is one of the important forms of health inequality. Based on the two national monitoring data of physical condition in 2005 and 2014， the regional differences and social determinants of urban and rural residents' physical changes in China are investigated by using spatial auto-correlation， Gini coefficient decomposition and stepwise regression. The results showed that 1) Since 2000， the national physical condition has been changing significantly， generally exhibiting the spatial pattern of “rising in the east area， descending in the west area and slightly rising in the central area”. And there was a spatial agglomeration tendency in areas with similar lift or fall levels. 2) The regional differences of national physical changes have been widened. And the regional differences mainly came from the differences among the three areas and the hyper variable function， while the differences among the provinces in one zone made little contribution. 3) With the other factors unchanged， the good initial health condition and the high housing expenditure were driving forces for the improvement of urban residents' physical condition. The improvement of rural residents' physical condition was due to the increase in nutritional dietary expenditure， while the increase of housing and food expenditure might lead to the deterioration of residents' physical condition. The results provide a reference for rational allocation of health resources and narrowing of the health gap.