纤维素-DMSO-PF浓溶液的粘弹性及其膜的研制和应用

把纤维素直接溶于二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和多聚甲醛(PF)中,能制成可纺性良好的纤维素浓溶液。测定其流变性能,首次直接得到纤维素浓溶液的粘流活化能等物理参数。以往这些物理参数都是间接地从纤维素酯、醚类的浓溶液获得,其准确性受酯、醚化条件的限制。我们研究了热力学和动力学条件与原液可纺性之间关系,获得最佳可纺性原液的热力学和动力学参数。在此基础上探讨了纤维素中空纤维膜的成形理论和成形工艺,首先用有机溶剂法纺制出纤维素中空纤维膜。调节原液条件和成形工艺参数,可在一定范围内调整中空纤维膜的透析能力。用溶剂法纤维素中空纤维膜组装成的人工肾透析器,具有良好的透析能力,能把血液中的低分子部分如尿素、肌肝等排出体外,而有用物质如B_(12)等则大部分保留,高分子部分如蛋白质、血球等则安全保留在血液中。经医院测定可在临床上进行应用。

THE VISCOELASTICITY OF CELLULOSE-DMSO-PF CONCENTRATED SOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF ITS MEMBRANES

Cellulose was dissolved in organic solvent of dimethyl salfoxide (DMSO) and paraformaidehyde(PF)direofly and the cellulose concentrated solution with the satisfactory spinnability had been prepared. The rheological properties of the solution were measured. The physical parameters of cellulose solution e. g., activation energy for viscous-fluid etc. were calculated directly for the first time. Up to present, these data are obtained indirectly from cellulose ester solution. The accuracy, therefore, of these data is limited by the esterifying condition.In present paper, the relationship between the conditions of thermodynamics and kinetics with the spinnability of solutions is studied. The thermodynamical and kinetic data of solution with the optimum spinnability were found. On the basis of these data the spinning theory and spinning technology of cellulose hollow fiber were studied. The cellulose hollow fiber membranes have been made by using the organic solvent method for the first time. The dialyzing power of the hollow fiber membranes can be changed to a certain degree by varying the conditions of solution and technology.The artificial kidneys set up by such cellulose hollow fiber membrane possess the satisfactory dialyzing power. The low molecular weight portion in the blood, such as urea and creatinine, can be exhausted but the most of the medium molecular weight portion e.g. vitamim B_(12) can be remained. The high molecular weight portion, such as hemocyte and hemoglobin can be retained completely. Artifical kidneys were tested by hospitals and show that it display satisfactory results.