冬眠状态乌龟尿液的生物学特性及生化分析

解剖冬眠及冬眠后禁食期间的乌龟，发现其腹腔内有一巨型储满尿液的膀胱泡．用荧光、紫外、全自动生化分析和液相色谱进一步分析冬眠乌龟体液和尿液中的生化成分，发现了一些与长寿密切相关的特点：1、具有独特的抗氧化特性：冬眠状态乌龟尿液在体外十几个小时内有抗氧化功效；冬眠乌龟尿液中脂过氧化物水平和老年色素类代谢垃圾物质水平都很低，2、冬眠乌龟尿液和血清中都含有多种有特殊功效的生物酶类和抗氧化物质：例如，血清中乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶含量特别高，分别达2321mol／L和4524mol／L；抗氧化剂尿酸在血清中浓度较低，而在尿液中浓度大大提高，3、与正常乌龟相比，冬眠状态乌龟尿液中游离氨基酸成分发生了较大的变化，这些结果对于乌龟的长寿和耐应激生理机制提供了一些初步的生化解释。

Biological Characters and Biochemical Analysis of Urine-associated Liauid from Hibernating Tortoise ( Chinemys reevesii)

Dissecting tortoise(Chinemys reevesii) in hibernation or in fasting after hibernation,enormous urinary bladder filled with urine-like liquid was found in abdomen.The biochemical components of the hibernating urine was analyzed with spectral photometry,spectral fluorometry,liquid chromatography,and some characteristics relating to longevity were recognized: 1) A special anti-oxidative stress system: The hibernating urine remained antioxidative capability for over a dozen hours in vitro,and the concentration of lipid peroxides and age pigment-like substances were remarkably low.2) Several kinds of anti-stress enzymes and antioxidants were observed in urine and serum.The activity of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in serum were particularly high,reaching 2 321 molL and 4 524 mol/L,respectively.Antioxidative uric acid was low in serum but highly enriched in hibernating urine.3) In contrast to normal tortoise,free amino acids in hibernating urine was greatly changed.These results provided primary biochemical explanation on the physiological mechanisms of longevity and anti-stress for tortoise.