核供热堆正常运行时气载放射性释放的计算方法

核供热堆要建在城市附近为城市居民供热，因而做好环境影响评价十分重要。正常 运行工况下气载放射性流出物向环境释放量的计算是环境影响评价的基础。本文根据壳式低 温核供热堆的结构设计特点，提出了该种堆型在正常运行工况下气载放射性流出物向环境释 放的６种主要来源，即元件破裂监测系统定期取样监测排放、反应堆压力容器上部气空间的泄 漏、主回路水的泄漏、反应堆舱室中空气的活化、安全壳中气体的活化、废气系统的排放。并推 导出它们的计算公式。

Calculation of airborne radioactivity to environment for nuclear heating reactors during normal operation

Nuclear heating reactors will be built in the suburb of big city for heating to dwellers. Therefore it is important to make environmental impact assessment. The calculations of the release of airborne radioactive effluence to environment are bases of environmental impact assessment. The six important sources of airborne radioactive effluence release to environment for pressurized nuclear heating reactor during normal operation are put forward on the basis of structure design feature of such reactor, namely: 1) the release from periodic sampling of fuel element breakdown monitoring systems 2) the leakage of airborne radioactivity in space on top of reactor vessel ; 3) the leakage of primary loop water; 4) the activation of air in reactor cavity ; 5) the activation of gas in containment 3 6) the release of radioactive gaseous waste system. The calculative formulas for these release sources are derived.