《故事新编》的生命解读

《故事新编》称得上是现代小说史上的一部奇书。奇就奇在鲁迅的书袋虽然是鼓鼓的，却无意于掉书袋，而是驾轻就熟地出入古今，把现代社会的诸多官场丑态、文界乖谬、民间陋习和掺和着奴性及流氓性的国民心理，糅合在神话、传说、历史的著名故事之间。这就有如女娲拔起一株从山上长到天边的紫藤，搅动地上的泥水，溅出一班能笑能哭的生灵，即鲁迅所谓“并没有将古人写得更死”是也。二者的糅合与搅拌，构成了复调叙事，构成了民俗性的狂欢。古人和今人打照面，互相消解对方的神圣的灵光或装模作样的摆谱，令人看见他们的不尴不尬而窃窃发笑。小说自身也由此超越纯文学传统而向杂文开放，小说与杂文杂糅，兼具文明批评和社会批评的功能，开创了一种古今杂糅的“杂小说”新文体。

An Interpretation of Old Tales Retold from the Perspective of Life

Peculiar as it is in the history of modern fiction, Old Tales Retold is able to reflect the dark reality （ officialdom antics, absurdity in the literary circles, corrupt practices of the folks and national mentality of slavishness and hooliganism） in telling fa-mous stories of myth, legend and allusion, which is characterized by its vividness and authenticity.Lu Xun depicted the stories as“far beyond rigidity of the ancients”.The integration of both the reality and antiquity constitutes the compound narration and folk carnival.On the occasion of meeting, both the ancients and modern people are likely to see each other in an awkward man-ner and chuckle to themselves without any affectations.Old Tales Retold, by its nature, is shifting from pure literature to essay and carries on the functions of civilization criticism and social criticism with the integration of fiction and essay, which starts a new literary form of“miscellaneous fiction”.