论戏剧的空间批评

“空间”是一个与戏剧的本质存在方式尤其是现代戏剧的特质极其相关，且可以兼顾具体作品的形式与内涵的美学范畴，笔者提议用“空间”一词建构现代戏剧批评理论。从戏剧的剧场空间、外部文化空间、内在结构空间三个层面，可建构三种批评策略的方法和前景。首先，从剧场的角度出发进行戏剧的空间批评，关注剧场空间实验的成效及其可能的拓展范围，必然为戏剧阐释带来一种有效的解读视角。其次，有鉴于文化空间理论的蓬勃发展，戏剧批评亦应努力突破传统的空间概念，结合现代文化地理学等空间批评理论，多多关注戏剧作品中地理、历史、权力关系、民族身份等文化空间问题。最后，现代戏剧创作出于体类自觉，发生了空间化叙事转向，针对这一现象的理论关注与阐述，便是直指戏剧作品本体内在之基本结构的“元空间批评”。“元空间批评”通过内部形式分析，解读作品中因空间结构错置而产生的隐喻，进而关切本原性的社会文化问题，并借助空间结构样式的分类为戏剧史研究积累材料。

On Drama Spatial Criticism

“Space” is closely related to the existence of drama, especially characteristics of modern drama.In this paper, the term “space” is proposed to construct the modern drama criticism and three criticism strategies are fully analyzed from theatre space, cultural space and inner structure space.Firstly, the effect of theatre space experiment, as well as its expansion of the scope should be taken into consideration as far as the drama space criticism is concerned.Secondly, in view of the development of cultural space theory, drama criticism should break the traditional concept of space and integrate with modern space criticism theory of cultural geography, paying close attention to geography, history, power relations, national identity, etc.Finally, it is suggested that modern drama creation originates from body consciousness and brings about the shift of spatial narration, which refers to the meta-space criticism of the drama works.On the basis of inner structure space analysis, the meta-space criticism should interpret the metaphor resulting from the misplacement of the spatial structure and further show its concern over social and cultural issues and collect relevant materials for the study of the drama history.