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Highly reactive oxygen species: detection, formation, and possible functions
Authors:Wolfhardt Freinbichler  Maria A. Colivicchi  Chiara Stefanini  Loria Bianchi  Chiara Ballini  Bashkim Misini  Peter Weinberger  Wolfgang Linert  Damir Vare?lija  Keith F. Tipton  Laura Della Corte
Affiliation:Institute for Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-AC, Vienna, Austria.
Abstract:The so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS) are defined as oxygen-containing species that are more reactive than O(2) itself, which include hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Although these are quite stable, they may be converted in the presence of transition metal ions, such as Fe(II), to the highly reactive oxygen species (hROS). hROS may exist as free hydroxyl radicals (HO·), as bound ("crypto") radicals or as Fe(IV)-oxo (ferryl) species and the somewhat less reactive, non-radical species, singlet oxygen. This review outlines the processes by which hROS may be formed, their damaging potential, and the evidence that they might have signaling functions. Since our understanding of the formation and actions of hROS depends on reliable procedures for their detection, particular attention is given to procedures for hROS detection and quantitation and their applicability to in vivo studies.
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