自然保护区土地利用冲突及协调——以羌塘国家自然保护区为例

 随着社会经济发展及人类聚落扩张，自然保护区的野生动物栖息地不同程度受到挤压，在物种恢复性增长的情况下，人兽冲突激烈、野生动物伤及人畜事件频发；保护与发展、人与地、人与野生动物的矛盾日渐尖锐。因此，研究保护区的土地利用冲突，对于调整保护区人口、产业、环境保护政策，协调人地关系至关重要。以羌塘国家自然保护区为例，分析过去40年人兽冲突原因，提出缓解冲突的建议：（1）控制人畜数量、推动人类聚落适度集中；（2）强化部门协调、兼顾土地的生产与生态功能；（3）建立青藏高原国家公园体系，探索野生动物观光等自然资源合理利用途径，促进严格保护和合理利用有机统一。

Harmonizing conflicts of land multifunction in natural reserves-Qiangtang National Natural Reserve as an example

China has made great progress in ecological civilization and there are still problems among natural reserves. Most of the endangered species are restoring and increasing in many natural reserves, and herbivore wildlife compete for forage with livestock and carnivore wildlife injures herders and damages houses and barns. Simultaneously, population and settlement develop and extend to the neighboring area, even into hinterland of natural reserves. Land functions conflict, especially between human and wildlife. It's important to study collisions and harmony strategies between human and wildlife. Taking Qiangtang alpine desert and biodiversity conservation national natural reserve as an example, the paper illustrates the conflicts in the last 40 years between human and wildlife, and then analyzes the drive force of the conflicts. Finally, some advices are put forward:(1) constrain the population and livestock amount in Qiangtang natural reserve and the neighboring area, and concentrate settlements into the region more suitable for human to live via ecological resettlement program; (2) harmonize different government departments such as husbandry and natural conservation, balance multifunctions of land including industry development and biodiversity protection; (3) build the Tibetan plateau national park system for strict protection and rational utilization of natural resources such as wildlife sightseeing etc.