中国水资源承载能力调控关键技术与政策研究

目前中国水资源安全保障的主要矛盾为承载过度，水资源承载能力成为制约我国经济社会发展的主要因素之一. 以北京市、鄂尔多斯市和石羊河流域为典型区，在案例分析和实地调研的基础上，对中国水资源承载能力调控的经验进行总结，并进一步从“强载”和“卸荷”2个层面提出水资源承载能力双向调控的主要措施. 研究表明:中国水资源承载能力调控的“强载”措施主要包括非常规水资源利用、水资源优化配置和水污染防治技术与政策；“卸荷”措施主要包括需水管理、节水技术和水价政策. 这些技术与政策为水资源承载能力的调控提供了有力的依据，对实现水资源安全、经济社会的可持续发展具有深远意义. 

Key technologies and policies to adjust water resource-carrying capacity

A major problem of water resource security in China is overloading, therefore water resource-carrying capacity (WRCC) has become a key factor in restricting economic and social development. Against this background, WRCC regulation measures in the regions of Beijing, Ordos and Shiyang River Basin are summarized based on case studies and field surveys. Key technologies and polices to adjust WRCC are put forward, taken into account of “support-reinforcement” and “unloading”. “Support-reinforcement” measures include unconventional water resources utilization, optimal allocation of water resources, and water pollution control. “Unloading” measures include water demand management, water-saving technologies, and water price policy. These technologies and policies not only provide good foundation for WRCC regulations, but also help to balance water resources utilization with social-economic development.