黄河流域城镇化与水资源利用水平及其耦合协调分析

城镇化进程伴随着一系列与水资源有关的问题，为了实现可持续发展目标，需要掌握城镇化与水资源利用的耦合协调关系. 本文构建了基于人口、经济、土地和社会的城镇化水平综合指标体系，以及基于生活、工业、农业和生态的水资源利用水平综合指标体系，进一步建立了耦合协调度模型，用于研究二者耦合协调的关系，并利用障碍度模型对障碍因素进行分析. 结果表明:1）流域内省份城镇化水平持续提高，中下游增速明显； 2）区域水资源利用水平差异缩小，呈现下游高于上游的东西阶梯状分布；3）耦合协调度空间多样性明显，高值地区主要在上游，率先进入中度耦合协调状态；4）研究时段内，城镇化过程中未出现用水结构失调现象； 5）人口和土地均为城镇化水平主要的障碍因素，而用水水平中，各地区主要障碍因素不同. 由此建议:进一步加快黄河流域发展速度，提高城镇化水平，同时要注意用水结构的变化，重视生态用水总量投入以确保各类用水平衡；重点关注水资源利用方面主要影响系统耦合协调关系的指标，侧重提高障碍因素对应的用水水平，使城镇化发展与水资源利用水平的变化处于良好的耦合协调状态. 

Urbanization,water use level and their coupled coordination in the Yellow River Basin

Rapid urbanization affects a number of water-related issues. A better understanding of coupling between urbanization and water resource utilization is necessary for sustainable urbanization. In this paper we constructed a comprehensive index of urbanization (population, economy, land, society) and water resource utilization (water use efficiency of daily life, industry, agriculture, and ecology). Obstacle degree analysis showed that urbanization in provinces within the basin kept growing, with significant growth in the middle and lower reaches. Regional differences in water resource utilization narrowed with significant east-west differences, higher downstream but lower upstream. Spatial diversity of coupling was found to be obvious, the high-value areas were mainly distributed in the upstream region. No surge in water consumption or imbalance in water use was found to have occurred during urbanization. Population and land are main obstacles hindering urbanization, but the main obstacles for water use may vary in each region. The development speed in the Yellow River Basin might be accelerated, but pay particular attention to changes in water use structure, and balanced water use. Each region should focus to improve indicators corresponding to obstacle factors to make urbanization development and water use level in a good state of coupling and coordination.