从特权阶层看苏联败亡:从利益集团论的角度解释

对于苏联败亡的原因的分析历来是我们研究和认识苏联兴衰的重要课题。回顾苏联解体的历程,不难发现苏联解体是伴随着苏共执政地位的逐步丧失而发生的必然结果,导致苏共败亡的内因主要为特权阶层的兴起及其腐败。而奥尔森对国家兴衰的原因提出了一个一般性的解释,即大量的分利集团、分利联盟的存在。他认为大量分利集团的排他性、分利化倾向以及集团政治的非民主性等可能会成为一个国家衰落的充分必要条件。因此可以从奥尔森利益集团理论出发来分析苏联在其特权阶层的影响下是如何由兴旺走向败落的。

Viewing the Soviet Union＇s Failure from the Privileged Stratum： Interpretation from the Perspective of Interest Group Theory

Analysis of the reason why the Soviet Union failed has always been a major topic for us to study and understand Soviet＇s cissitude. Looking back at the course of the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is easy to find out that its collapse is an inevitable result companied with the gradual loss of reigning position of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and the internal causes leading to failure of CPSU mainly include the rise of the privileged class and its corruption. In regard to the vicissitude of nation, Olson raise general explanation, namely, the existence of lots of distributional coalitions. In his opinion, the exclusiveness and profit - distribul tendency of many distributional coalitions as well as the non - democracy of group politics might be a necessary and sufficient condi for the decline of a nation. Therefore, we can analyze how the Soviet Union come to fail from thrive under the impact of the privile stratum from the perspective of the Olson＇ s Interest Group Theory.