卤胺抗菌材料的研究和应用

卤胺类化合物是一类新型的抗菌剂，它有效地克服了传统抗茵剂在实际应用中的一些缺点，是一类具有杀茵速度快，杀菌效率高，储存稳定，抗茵功效可再生等优点的绿色环保型抗菌剂．近年来，一些新颖的带有键合基团的卤胺前置体已被成功地接枝到各种基体材料如棉纤维、硅胶、聚苯乙烯树脂、聚乙烯、聚氨酯等的表面来制备各种抗菌材料和产品．特别是大孔交联的高分子卤胺抗茵树脂产品Halopure及其相关技术的成功开发，开创了卤胺抗茵材料在饮用水消毒领域应用的新纪元．介绍了该类抗菌材料的抗菌机理、合成与制备方法以及在日常生活各领域中的广泛应用前景，并对其今后的发展趋势作了展望．

Research and applications of N-halamine biocidal materials

N-halamines, a new class of biocides, overcome some of the disadvantages caused by the traditional biocides in practical applications. They are environmentally friendly germicides due to their fast and efficient sterilization, storage stability, and regeneration. Earlier studies on N-halamines mainly focused on the syntheses and applications of small molecular organic N- halamines such as five-membered and six-membered heterocyclic N-halamine compounds. Compared to traditional inorganic halogen-containing disinfectants such as chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, these heterocyclie N-halamines can maintain disinfection capacity in the water for longer time due to their better stability. Since the late 20th century, non-leaching biocial N-halamine materials have received much attention. Some novel N-halmine precursors with binding groups have been covalently bounded to various materials such as cellulose fiber, silica gel, polystyrene, polyethylene, and polyurethane to produce non-leaching bioeidal materials. Specially, the successful development of macroporous cross-linked N-halamiue polymer resin materials （Halopure） and related technologies created a new era for the applications of N-halamine materials in the disinfection of drinking water. In this review paper, the antibacterial mechanism and synthetic methods of N-halamine biocidal materials and their application prospects in various fields of daily life were introduced. Their development prospects were also made.