Improvement of orbit determination for geostationary satellites with VLBI tracking |
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Authors: | Yong Huang XiaoGong Hu XiuZhong Zhang DongRong Jiang Rui Guo Hong Wang ShanBin Shi |
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Institution: | [1]Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China [2]Beijing Global Information Application and Development Center, Beijing 100094, China [3]Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China |
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Abstract: | China’s COMPASS satellite navigation system consists of five or more geostationary (GEO) satellites. The roles of GEO satellites
are to improve the regional user’s positioning accuracy and provide the continuous Radio Determination Satellite Service.
The motion of GEO satellites relative to a ground tracking station is almost fixed, and regular orbit maneuvers are necessary
to maintain the satellites’ allocated positions above the equator. These features present difficulties in precise orbit determination
(POD). C-band ranging via onboard transponders and the L-band pseudo-ranging technique have been used in the COMPASS system.
This paper introduces VLBI tracking, which has been successfully employed in the Chinese lunar exploration programs Chang’E-1
and Chang’E-2, to the POD of GEO satellites. In contrast to ranging, which measures distances between a GEO satellite and
an observer, VLBI is an angular measurement technique that constrains the satellite’s position errors perpendicular to the
satellite-to-observer direction. As a demonstration, the Chinese VLBI Network organized a tracking and orbit-determination
experiment for a GEO navigation satellite lasting 24 h. This paper uses the VLBI delay and delay-rate data, in combination
with C-band ranging data, to determine the GEO satellite’s orbit. The accuracies of the VLBI delay and delay rate data are
about 3.6 ns and 0.4 ps/s, respectively. Data analysis shows that the VLBI data are able to calibrate systematic errors of
the C-band ranging data, and the combination of the two observations improves orbit prediction accuracy with short-arc data,
which is important for orbital recovery after maneuvers of GEO satellites. With the implementation of VLBI2010, it is possible
for VLBI to be applied in the COMPASS satellite navigation system. |
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Keywords: | geostationary satellites very long baseline interferometry orbit determination |
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