大学生的内隐攻击实验研究及其与外显攻击的关系

个体攻击的发生发展机制一直是攻击的心理学研究中重要的基础问题，但以往研究较多关注个体的外显攻击．对内隐攻击的研究相对较为匮乏．本研究拟在中国文化背景下考察大学生的内隐攻击与外显攻击的发生特点，包括攻击的性别差异及类型差异，并在此基础上探讨内隐攻击与外显攻击的关系．以190名大学生为被试，采用任务分离范式中的偏好测验测评被试的内隐攻击，采用自我报告的攻击问卷测评被试的外显攻击．1）在外显攻击上，男性身体攻击显著高于女性，言语攻击和关系攻击的性别差异不显著；个体言语攻击显著高于身体攻击、关系攻击，身体攻击和关系攻击之间差异不显著．2）在内隐攻击任务上，相对于攻击词，被试更加偏好中性词．3）内隐攻击的性别差异与类型差异均不显著．4）大学生的内隐攻击与外显攻击之间不存在显著关联．结论：内隐攻击与外显攻击存在性别差异与类型差异，两类攻击间无显著相关，支持内隐一外显结构分离论．

GENDER DIFFERENCES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS＇ EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT AGGRESSION

Questionnaires and preference tests are adopted in this study, taking undergraduate students as subjects, to investigate gender differences and form differences of explicit, implicit aggression and the internalrelations between them. The investigation results show that： First, in terms of explicit aggression, male physical aggression are significantly higher than that of female, while no significant gender difference exists on verbalaggression and relational aggression, and verbal aggression is significantly higher than physical aggression and relational aggression,where no significant difference exists between physical aggression and relational aggression. Second, In terms of different forms of implicit aggression, the subjects prefer the neutral words rather than theaggressive words. Third, no significant difference exists between different forms of implicit aggression, and there are no significant gender differences between them. Fourth, there are no significant correlations between them. Considering the gender differences, form differences and the correlation coefficient, we show that the implicit and explicit aggressions are two separate psychological structures.