无损检测技术在文物表面空鼓病害探查中的应用

空鼓是山西大学堂围墙的主要病害之一, 会导致表层水泥砂浆抹面的剥离和内部砌体结构的风化, 因此合理评估空鼓的严重程度是开展科学保护与修复的前提. 在用手动敲击方法对围墙空鼓病害进行初步判别的基础上, 综合采用相控阵超声成像以及红外热成像两种无损检测技术对局部病害开展精细探查, 确定其分布范围和面积. 结果表明: ① 手动敲击和两种检测技术这 3 种方法均可不同程度地反映空鼓病害的分布规律; ② 无损检测技术所得结果基本一致, 局部误差与缺陷类型和环境因素有关; ③ 围墙表面水泥砂浆抹面的空鼓状况总体比较严重, 具体可划分为 4 个病害等级. 研究成果对文物建筑表面空鼓病害探查与修复效果评估具有一定的借鉴和参考价值.

Application of non-destructive testing technique for detecting surface detachment in cultural heritage buildings

Surface detachment is one of the main defects of the Shanxi Academy walls, and it can lead to the peeling of cement mortar plaster and the weathering of interior masonry structures. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate its severity before conducting detailed conservation and restoration work. In this study, manual percussion was first performed for the preliminary detection of surface detachment defect. Next, two non-destructive testing techniques, i.e. phased-array ultrasonic imaging and infrared thermal imaging, were combined to measure the scope and area of distribution in detail. The results showed that (1) all methods could reflect the surface detachment distribution to different degrees, (2) data obtained using different non-destructive techniques were comparable to some minor errors correlated with defect types and environmental factors, (3) the detachment of cement mortar plaster from the wall surface was generally severe, and its defect rating could be divided into four specific grades. The research results are useful for detecting and evaluating surface detachment in cultural heritage buildings.