煤矸石作为环境材料资源化再利用研究进展

 煤矸石作为全球排放量最大的工业固体废弃物之一，不仅占用大量土地，还会对大气、土壤等环境造成危害。但煤矸石具有一些环境友好型性能，经预处理后可被资源化再利用为环境友好型材料。综述了目前煤矸石用作环境材料的方式及各种方式的研究进展：煤矸石对营养盐、重金属和有机物等污染物具有一定的吸附性能，预处理之后可以作为一种廉价的吸附剂；煤矸石具有一定的强度，经热活化后强度更大，因此可用作建筑再生骨料生产透水砖、透水沥青等；煤矸石中还含有大量有机质和微量元素，可以增加土壤中的腐殖酸含量，改善土壤土质，从而促进植物生长。建议：今后研究工作应倾向于对煤矸石预处理方式的改进，探索其对不同类型或多种污染物的去除效果及机理；在实际生产中应丰富破碎筛分等处理方式，形成系统的制肥工艺并得以应用；在政策上应制定更加全面的相关标准。

The coal gangue reused as environmental materials

As one of the world's largest industrial solid wastes, the coal gangue not only takes up a large area of land, but also harms the environment such as the atmosphere and the soil. Related researches show that the coal gangue can be used as an environmentally friendly material after being pretreated with its environmentally friendly performance. This paper reviews the resource-recycling methods and related researches of the coal gangue reused as environmental materials, including three aspects. The coal gangue enjoys a certain adsorption performance against pollutants such as nutrients, heavy metals and organic matter. Thus, it can be used as the economical adsorbent after pretreatment. With its high strength after being calcinated, it can be used as recycled building aggregate to produce permeable bricks and permeable asphalt. The organic matter and trace elements in the coal gangue can increase the content of the humic acid in the soil and improve the soil quality, then promote plant growth. This area is a prospective research direction, to improve the pretreatment method of the coal gangue, and explore the removal effect and the mechanism for different or multiple pollutants. In the actual production, more processing methods such as the crushing and the screening of the coal gangue could be developed, the systematic fertilization process should be established and applied. More comprehensive related standards should be formulated. New ideas and research directions are suggested for the management and the friendly utilization of the coal gangue.