《诗经·唐风·葛生》诗旨辨析——兼论悼亡诗的相关问题

关于《唐风·葛生》的主旨,历来主要有四类观点:《毛诗序》以为刺晋献公;郑玄不指实于晋献公,而以为是丈夫久役丧亡,妻子居家独思的一首诗;严粲提出悼亡的观点,今人多认可;还有人认为是闺怨诗。比较众说,"刺晋献公"与"闺怨"的说法,或附会、或臆测,较难服人。通过解读文本,分析诗歌的内容与结构,可知《葛生》是妻子悼念亡夫的一首诗。诗用对比、递进、并列等手法,表达了独居女子愿百年之后与丈夫同归共穴的强烈愿望,体现了"《唐风》之厚"的美好品格。其伤存悼殁最哀,对后世悼亡诗深有影响,堪称悼亡诗之祖。

On the Themes of Ge Sheng in Tang Feng of The Book of Songs:Also Discussion on Mourning Poetry

There have been four main viewpoints about the themes of Ge Sheng in Tang Feng of The Book of Songs so far. Firstly,it satirizes the king,JinXianGong in Preface of Mao. Secondly,a wife misses her dead husband by Zheng Xuan,who disagrees with the former point. Thirdly,it is a mourn poem raised by Yan Can,which is recognized by modernpeople. Fourthly,it is a female repining poem. By analyzingthese theories,this writer holds that the first and the last have no persuasiveness because of being short of enough proof. The theme of Ge Sheng could be concluded through reading and studying the poem,analyzing its contentandstructure: it is a widow grieving over her dead husband and wanting to be buried together with him after her death. With the rhetoric techniques of comparison,climax and juxtaposition,the poem shows us the virtue of Tang Feng; it is the saddest poem in The Book of Songs,and could be viewed as theancestor of mourningpoetry.