1970—2015年黄河三角洲高效生态经济区河湖沼水系水文连通时空演变

以黄河三角洲高效生态经济区河湖沼水系为研究区，解译46 a间的4期遥感影像反映水系结构变化，结合图论方法，在网格尺度评估了结构连通性；利用年径流量及年输沙量数据反映功能连通性的变化．结果表明:沟渠增长率为25%，水库增长了11.65倍；1970—2015年间，β连通性的平均值分别为0.38、0.41、0.41、0.42，γ连通性的平均值为0.14、0.16、0.16、0.17，水系流量连通性的平均值分别为0.31、0.19、0.10、0.12，水系输沙连通性的平均值为0.36、0.21、0.13、0.16；总体上黄河三角洲高效生态经济区水利建设逐渐增多，水系结构变化显著，结构连通性呈增长趋势，功能连通性呈现先下降再小幅增长的趋势，且与人类活动关系密切．本研究从水文连通的角度为人类活动对区域水系结构和功能的影响提供数据支持． 

Temporal and spatial evolution of hydrological connectivity in River-Lake-Swamps in high efficiency eco-economic zone at the Yellow River Delta from 1970-2015

Hydrological connectivity is essential for hydrological and ecological functions of river, lake and marsh systems．The connectivity is mediated largely by water to transfer materials, energy and organisms with major impacts from human activities and climate changes．Four remote sensing images of river, lake and marsh system in High Efficiency Eco-economic Zone of the Yellow River Delta in the past 46 years were interpreted to reflect changes in water system structure．The structural connectivity was evaluated at the grid scale by graph theory．Annual runoff and sediment data reflected changes in functional connectivity．It was found that the ditch grew at a rate of 25%, the reservoir increased 11.65 times．The average value of β connectivity from 1970-2015 was found to be 0.38, 0.41, 0.41, and 0.42, the average value of γ connectivity 0.14, 0.16, 0.16, 0.17．The average value of Q connectivity from 1970-2015 was found to be 0.31, 0.19, 0.10, 0.12, average value of S connectivity 0.36, 0.21, 0.13, and 0.16．The structural connectivity of the whole basin was found weakly correlated with GDP in 2005．The correlation between Q and GDP was 0.335, between S and GDP 0.287．The structural connectivity of the whole basin was found correlated weakly with GDP in 2015．The correlation between Q and GDP was found to be ?0.010, between S and GDP 0.084．In general, water conservancy construction in the Delta has gradually increased, water system structure changed significantly, with structural connectivity showing an increasing trend, and functional connectivity showing a trend of first decline and then a small increase, closely related to the impact of human activities．This study supports the concept of major impact of human activities on the structure and function of regional water systems．