Millennial-scale phase relationship between North Atlantic deep-level temperature and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau temperature and its evolution since the Last Interglaciation

This study employed proxy data to investigate the phase relationship between the North Atlantic deep-level temperature and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) surface air temperature (TP temperature) and its evolution at the millennial scale since the Last Interglaciation. The results indicate the alternation of in-phase and anti-phase relationships since the Last Interglaciation, with the in-phase relationships showing a shorter duration than the anti-phase relationships. Alternations between the in-phase and anti-phase relationships occurred more frequently during the Last Interglaciation than during the Last Glaciation. The phase relationship between the North Atlantic deep-level temperature and the TP temperature was broadly illustrated by that between the North Atlantic temperature (based on oxygen isotope data from the Greenland ice core) and TP temperature. Furthermore, the North Atlantic deep-level temperature and the TP temperature may be connected through the North Atlantic sea surface temperature.