技术的历史分期:原则与方案

对技术的历史进行分期研究,可以揭示技术发展的阶段性,由此可以把握技术发展的规律。技术史分期应遵循3个原则:体现技术发展的内在逻辑;反映技术发展变化质的规定性;反映人对自然认识与社会生产力水平的阶段性。一些哲学家和历史学家对技术发展已提出多种分期方案,这些方案对描述技术发展的阶段性有一定的意义,也有明显的不足。经过对近代技术发展的统计分析,可以发现,每一时期总有1项在该时期技术体系中起主导作用,且代表了技术总体发展趋势的技术,这种主导技术及其主导技术群的更迭,反映出技术发展阶段质的变革,以此为依据的技术史分期方案,可以很好地认识技术发展的规律性。

Dividing the History of Technology into Stages: Principle and Project

Study on the historical division of technology can disclose the stages of technical development, and also regulate the technical development. The historical division of technology should follow three principles: the inner logic of technical development;the innate regulation of technical development and variation; the stage character of human nature cognition and the level of social productivity. Some philosophers and historians have already put forward various division projects, which have certain meaning for describing the stages of technical development, but with obvious shortages. By statistical analysis of modern technology, it can be discovered that there is always a technology as having a leading function each time, that also represents the total development trend of technology in that time. The alternation of leading technology and its leading cluster reflect the revolution of a technical development stage, and taking this as a project of the historical division of technology, the regulation of technical development can be known.